List of Tables and Figures
Preface
A Note on the Illustrations
Acknowledgments
1. Indians and Archaeologists
The Medawakwamiz
Academics and Indians
NAGPRA and Native Americans
The Wabanaki Situation
The “Dumb Abenaki Syndrome”
Countering the “Dumb Abenaki” Osmotic Model
The Need for an Explicit Research Design
The “Sovereigntist” Approach
2. Wabanaki Dawn: Late Pleistocene Paleogeography of Wôbanakik - The Wabanaki Homeland
Political Geography I: The Wabanaki Confederacy
Political Geography II: The Land of the Great Council Fire
The Macroecology of Wôbanakik
Grandmother’s Gift: A New Creation Story
Wabanaki Origins
The Fifth Grandmother
The Late Pleistocene: An Introduction
Wôbanakik Revealed to the Wabanakis’ Ancestors (14,000 Winters Ago)
Glacial and Periglacial Geology Bars the Way to Human Migration
The Wabanakis’ Pleistocene Refuge
The Land Opens for Settlement (13,000 Winters Ago)
The Cusp of Periglacial Exploration (about 12,000 to 12,500 Winters Ago)
Modeling the Discovery of the Postglacial Wabanaki Homeland: A Historical Reconstruction
3. The Wôbanakiawik Colonize the Late Pleistocene Dawnland - The Early Colonization of Wôbanakik, c. 11,000–10,200 YBP
The Clovis Horizon in North America
“Classic Clovis” in the Early Occupation of Wôbanakik?
Quarries
The Maritime Paleoindians of Wôbanakik
A Historical Reconstruction: The Wabanaki Camp
The Middle Colonization Period of Wôbanakik, c. 10,200–8,300 YBP
A Historical Reconstruction: The Pleistocene’s Last Stand
What Happened to Wôbanakik’s Megafauna?
4. Red Paint Rising: The Wôbanakiawik Settle into the Post-Pleistocene Dawnland – The Early Archaic Period, 9,000–7,500 YBP
Archaeology and Stone Technology
Olamon: Red Paint (Ochre) Ceremonial Technology
Archaic Hunting Technologies
Woodworking Technologies Open Aquatic Horizons
5. The Promise of the Middle Archaic - The Middle Archaic Period, 7,500–6,000 YBP
Deep-Water Marine Exploration
A Historical Reconstruction: Building the Log Ships
The “Stone Structures Mystery”
6. The Apotheosis of Wabanaki Life: The Late Archaic Period, c. 6,000–3,700 YBP - Paleoenvironment and Marine Conditions
One Wabanaki Culture or Many?
The Alumette Island Port of Trade
Interior Wôbanakik and Its Tool Kit
The Origin of Wabanaki Agriculture?
A Historical Reconstruction: Agroforestry
Gulf of Maine Archaeology
The Gulf of St. Lawrence
The Northern (Labrador Coast) Settlements
The Beginning of the Wabanaki Retrenchment
7. Joining the World: The Great Eastern Interaction Sphere, 3,700–2,500 YBP - The Coalescence of the Eastern Interaction Sphere
The Beginning of the Interaction Sphere, 3,700–3,400 YBP
Connecting to a Wider World
The Glacial Kame “Influence”
8. The Climax of the Interaction Sphere, 2,500–2,000 YBP - The Early Woodland Period?
The Nature of the Archaeological Evidence
The Boucher Complex
9. The Wabanaki Hiatus, c. 2,000–1,000 YBP - Wabanaki Ceramics: A Decline?
The Archaeology
10. The Wabanaki Renaissance and the End of Prehistory, 1,000–500 YBP - The Wabanaki Renaissance
Goddard: A Historical Reconstruction
The Cosmopolitan Wabanakis
Adoption of Neotropical Horticulture
The Coming of Conflict
Western Wôbanakik and the Nadouek Problem
The Intellectual and Political War for the Dawnland
The Cusp of Contact
Notes
Bibliography
Index